| Environmental Issues | Human Activities | Pressure on Coastal Zone (Pressure Indicators) | State of Coastal Zone (State Indicators) |
| Eutrophication | Agriculture, urbanisation, fishery & shell fisheries, mariculture | Loads of N P/ year enter sea (river, dredged material, coastal zone point sources, air, diffuse) | Total concentration of P and N in water and identification of blooms |
| Heavy metal pollution | Industry, urbanisation,
harbour activities (dredging and dumping) | Loads of heavy metals (Pb,
Cd, Hg) entering the coastal zone | Concentration of heavy
metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) in sediment |
| Over fishing | Fishery & mariculture | Large number of fishing vessels | Reduction in fish population |
| Depletion of
groundwater | Tourism and
recreation, urbanisation, agriculture | Ground water abstracted in
coastal zone | Sustainable use of
groundwater |
| Coastal erosion | Mining, harbour activities (dredging and dumping), coastal protection | Recession of shore (in m/year) | Land loss in (m2/year) |
| Climate change | Energy conversion, industry, transport & shipping, urbanisation, tourism & recreation | Relative sea level rise | Land under flooding risk |
| Habitat loss | Mining, harbour activities (dredging and dumping),
tourism & recreation fishery, coastal zone protection, agriculture, mariculture | Land use /marine function in coastal zone | Loss of priority habitats |